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...above and below the surface
Blue energy - salinity gradients
Using the density dierence between salt water
and fresh water to produce energy could have
considerable potential. The main challenges
with this source of energy are the reduction of
the ecological impact and the fouling of
sensitive membranes. The proper location of
the water intake and discharges will maximise
energy production and minimise the environ-
mental impact.
In many countries, heating and cooling account for 40-50% of total energy consumption
and we use about 20% for electricity production. To make the energy mix more sustainable,
we need more storage capacity for electricity, heat and cold. By using real-time control
systems, grid operators can use these buers eciently, cutting carbon emissions and
allowing for the ongoing growth of solar and wind energy.
Tidal energy
Tidal energy is a reliable source of energy
that is always present and that is more
predictable than wind or solar energy,
which are susceptible to large fluctuations.
Reducing the impact on the environment
and furthering the development of
free-flow turbines and tidal barrages will
make tidal energy more competitive so it
can play an important role in the future
energy mix.